Synthesis Of Aspirin And Oil Biology Essay

Synthesis Of Aspirin And Oil Biology Essay Esterification is the reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols to produce esters. Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid was formed by reacting salicylic acid and acetic anhydride while Methylsalicylate was formed from salicylic acid and methanol, both in the presence of H2SO4 responsible for the removal of -OH to form an ester and donates H+ to protonate the salicylic acid. The reaction mixture in the synthesis of aspirin should be heated in temperature between 70-90Â °C for the formation of acetylsalicylic acid crystals that was further collected using vacuum filtration with cold water to wash out the impurities and further produced a 57% yield product. The synthesized methylsalicylate resulted to a minty odor that is used mainly as ointment or cream for treating muscle pains and sprains. Test using FeCl3 to verify the purity of the synthesized aspirin resulted to a violet-colored solution in acetylsalicylic acid making it an impure product because of the presence phenol group that must not be present in the structure. However, positive result in methylsalicylate turned the solution from clear to dark-green and further to a purple solution due to the presence of phenol group. The results of the experiment are therefore accurate and useful in knowing the importance and uses of organic products and knowing the process of esterification involving carboxylic acids and alcohols. __________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid from a family of chemicals known as salicylates is known to be an anti-inflammatory drug and used as a pain reliever (1). On the other hand, oil of wintergreen or methylsalicylate is an external analgesic used to treat muscle aches, sprain, and strains having anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects as well (4). Both the aspirin and methylsalicylate can be produced from salicylic acid, a natural occurring chemical in plants, consisting of two functional groups carboxylic acid and phenol. The synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid and methylsalicylate from salicylic acid results in the formation of ester in the process called esterification where an acid reacts with an alcohol (2). The purity of the synthesized aspirin will be tested by using FeCl3 test where a purple color will determine the presence of the phenol group where the -OH group in the benzene ring will form a complex with Fe+3 (3). MATERIALS AND METHODS For the making of aspirin, a water bath with temperature ranging from 70-90Â °C was prepared while weighing 0.150 g of salicylic acid and dropped 85% H2SO4. Then, 0.3 ml of acetic anhydride was added to the reaction mixture and heated with the prepared water bath until it dissolved. Then, it was recrystallized in an ice bath after adding 0.2 ml deionized water. The formed aspirin was collected using vacuum filtration, washed with cold water, allowed to dry overnight and weighed again to calculate for the percentage yield. For the making of the Methylsalicylate, 0.25 g of salicylic acid was used and added 2.0 ml methanol until it dissolved. Then, 10 drops of H2SO4 was added and heated in the water bath for 15 minutes followed by allowing it to cool down in running water. The odor of the product formed was then determined. For the FeCl3, the synthesized aspirin and methylsalicylate were added 5 ml of distilled water and a drop of 1% FeCl3 to the test tubes for observations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Esterification involving salicylic acid and methanol will produce methylsalicylate that has pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects while salicylic acid and acetic anhydride in excess will form acetylsalicylic acid in the presence of H2SO4. The results and observations gathered in the experiment involving the FeCl3 test are summarized in Table 1. Table 1. Data and Results for the Yield of Aspirin and FeCl3 Test A. Yield of Aspirin Mass of Salicylic Acid 0.150 g Mass of acetyl salicylic acid 0.114 g % Yield 57 % B. FeCl3 Test Sample Observation Acetylsalicylic acid Violet-colored Methylsalicylate Liquid; From clear to dark-green solution; Addition of cold water turned into dark purple The aspirin or the acetyl salicylic acid was formed by reacting 0.150 g of salicylic acid with acetic anhydride with the presence of acid catalyst which is H2SO4 to speed up the reaction as well as being responsible in removing the -OH to form an ester. The acid catalyst donates H+ and protonates the salicylic acid as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Reaction of salicylic acid with acetic anhydride Acetic anhydride was used for the reaction will be much faster and will produce a higher percentage yield (5). The reaction mixture was heated in the water bath with temperature between 70-90Â °C to aid in the formation of acetylsalicylic acid crystals and thus making the acetic acid as a byproduct. The salicylic acid dissolved while in the water bath due to the increased heat and increased solubility that made the solution colorless and allowed the salicylic acid white crystals to dissolve. The addition of water after removing the reaction mixture in the water bath aid in destroying the excess acetic anhydride that is unreactive. Then, recrystallization was performed in an ice bath since cooling of the mixture forms white crystals by decreasing its solubility. The aspirin was collected using vacuum filtration while washing it with cold water to separate the solid crystals as well as the removal of impurities in the crystals. After drying, 0.114 g of acetylsalicylic acid was obtaine d with a yield of 57% with calculations shown in Figure 2. Thoretical yield = 0.150 g x x x = 0.20 g Actual yield (Mass of acetyl salicylic acid) = 0.114 g 57%% Yield = x 100 = x 100 = Figure 2. Calculations for the % Yield of the Synthesized Aspirin The methylsalicylate or oil of wintergreen was also formed from salicylic acid where it reacted with methanol in the presence of H2SO4 again for the removal the -OH to form an ester in the reaction called esterification as shown in Figure 3. The sulfuric acid as a catalyst protonates the ester group while the methanol attacks the carbonyl group. As the carbonyl group was deprotonated, methylsalicylate formed. Figure 3. Reaction of salicylic acid with Methanol The product formed a minty odor that is used in food, perfumery, toothpaste, and candies or used as pain-reliever. The purity of the synthesized aspirin and methylsalicylate were tested using FeCl3 to test for the presence of phenol. The acetylsalicylic acid resulted to a violet-colored mixture indicating that the product formed has impurities since the synthesized aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid does not have an OH group, however, it turned violet or dark purple due to the presence of salicylic acid that didnt react purely in the process. On the other hand, methylsalicylate in FeCl3 gave a positive result where it turned dark-green and further into dark-purple due to the presence of phenol thus making the methylsalicylate as a pure product. Over all, the results of the experiment are accurate and useful in appreciating products that occur naturally as well as knowing how to synthesize aspirin and oil of wintergreen from salicylic acid.

Home Decision

Woven Shivers It is really nice to have an investment of your own, especially when the money comes from your own pocket (2012, First Time Home Buyers). Like for example, one of the best investments that a person could have in their life is to have his or her own home, a home that he or she could call their own. When It comes to purchasing a car, new home or even clothing you must weigh the benefits and cost properly so that you do not lead yourself down a path of financial ruins.While the idea of purchasing new home Is very excellent, It can also sometimes be overwhelming. A significant amount of time for consideration and evaluations Is necessary when making a major purchase such as buying a new home. Purchasing a home can have severe financial repercussions, thus making the decision to purchase a new home a daunting and challenging choice, so when making a large financial decision, the basic principles of economics along with one's relative needs you must closely assess.Many of the decisions we make as consumers directly relate to the current state of the economy. While the search for a new home continues, a couple of key principles should be used and will prove to be rather helpful to the new homemaker. Comparing marginal costs with marginal benefits while weighing out the disadvantages and advantages of the purchase Is included In this process (NAB, 2011). As homeowners have testified, a couple of key principles will contribute to this life-changing decision. Trade-offs† Is one of the principles you will face before and after your purchase. That meaner that there Is a cost for everything. When a major purchase decision Is made nonusers definitely have to give up another thing that they equally like such as a new car, vacation, other major purchases, or savings and investment. Trade-offs exist for almost every decision contemplated, but in the real estate market, trade-offs can be serious when money is the concern.Neither buyer nor seller wants to lose money in one of the biggest transactions they will ever complete. You can make better decisions when you realize that life has tradeoffs. The cost of what one decides to buy is equivalent to the cost of what one gives up for it. Choosing entails riding off a target against another and is a fundamental Issue of the decision- making process. In order to purchase a beautiful home, one will have to sacrifice â€Å"opportunity cost†; for Instance, I have to cut-down on Individual costs like entertainment, clothing and food.When you have to choose one thing over another then you have to make do without the benefits of that which you do not have. You have to compare the cost and benefits of what you have to make the best choice. For graduate more opportunities begin for a better paying Job. However, in this market he opportunity cost is typically minimal because the buyer can simply find another home that meets his or her needs. Cost is not a matter of dollars and cents; it also re presents what we must give up to get something else.In reality, we do not always make decisions that are all or nothing. Some choices are made based on â€Å"marginal changes†. When we think of purchasing a home one must compare the marginal cost of purchasing a home. Amortization is a marginal cost, will the payments be an addition to what you are already paying if you are renting. The difference in the mount is marginal cost. You must also consider the mortgage insurance cost, as a result, of purchasing a home. Will the house be bigger, adding more room for your growing family?Will utilities be higher? Other marginal cost to be considered would be; the cost of moving, your travel time, the expense of gas and mileage on your car, which is associated with your travel time, if your new home is further away from your place of work compared to your current apartment. The maintenance cost of a new home must be considered because the owner of a home is solely responsible of aging sure their home is maintained and secure. Consider all of the benefits and costs that a home presents. What might a year of security monitoring cost?Assign a value to benefits or costs that do not have an explicit price tag. The benefits of living closer to the Job could be calculated as more pay for work from extra hours that would otherwise be spent commuting from a home further away. Your optimal goal is to find a home in which the total benefit, marginal and otherwise, exceeds the total cost. While one considers the marginal cost, you must also consider the benefits. Consider the marginal benefits of owning your own home. The tax shield with renting an apartment, and we must compare the marginal benefits (the Joy) of owing your own home.The tax break and financial security of owning a home are essential in appreciating the purchase off new home. In a decision to purchase a home you must carefully analyze the cost and benefits in order to make the most rational decision for your family. Investments can sometimes be confusing, especially on real estate. One must always be careful when investing in the purchase off new home cause this is not Just money it is your hard-earned dollars you will be investing and unlike a pair of shoes you can't return it if you don't like it.The economy plays a major role in the decision to purchase a new home. If the economy has recovered fully or still at a low point, one thing is for sure, your finances must be secure no matter the rates. The economy is made up of different factors such as trading, exporting and importing, unemployment, house market and inflation. The economy plays such an important role because home prices are usually very high and will quire a substantial down payment, (most lenders require around 3. 5% of the value of the home), which may sometimes deplete your savings.The demand for houses is considered highly price elastic. Economic theories state that the larger the proportion of income a certain purchas e requires the more price elastic the demand will be. Your lender will explain that your house payment should not exceed more than one third of your monthly income. You, as the buyer, should have an understanding, as it will require the spending of a large proportion of your income, so this will inconsiderably lower your purchasing power when you decide to make the purchase of program if unemployment falls to under 7 percent. Unemployment is projected to reach 6. percent in 2014, according to the Feeds projections. Currently, unemployment stands at 7. 6 percent (Brenan, 2013). Brenan said that if the economy continues to show improvement the Fed will â€Å"ease the pressure on the accelerator†. The Fed has kept interest rates low to stimulate the economy and the low rates have helped boost housing affordability. The federal government will adjust accordingly if the economy veers from projections. The housing sector is looking a little better so the state and local governments are in a position where they do not have to lay off many workers.That meaner that the economy is improving. Domestic economy is the made up of several components such as government spending, trade, level of consumption and investments. The strength of the economy is affected by changes in these components. Domestic economy and international trade play an important role in affecting the economy. If government spending increases, it will help the GAP (growth domestic product). Because of this, we have economic growth in which will increase Jobs and wages but if the government spending decreases, the effect is contraction.This is somewhat of a ripple effect because it reduces the GAP, which thus reduces the level of income and number of jobs in the economy. International trade affects the countries balance and trade. We make choices daily based on the benefits. We have the freedom to want whatever but the resources to obtain that is limited. In our day-to-day life, we use several prin ciples to make decisions. We often-times make choices by realizing what SST be given up to gain something else or something better.Studies show that once consumers buy a home, get a mortgage and have a positive experience owning, they wanted to continue to own. In a study concerns about affordability both for the home purchase itself and upkeep was a major factor that discouraged renters from taking the plunge (Tara Bernard, 2012). A personal example off decision in which I compared marginal benefits and marginal costs associated with the decision was the time I decided that I was not happy in my Job and that the only way for me to et a better Job would be to go back to college to earn my degree.The reason I wanted to earn a college degree was for better Job advancement and better Job opportunities. Financially, the rate of return made my decision easy. In addition, college graduates enjoy better health, save greater percentage of their income; improve quality of life for them and t heir family (Sweatier, DCE. 2011). The marginal costs of my decision was the time and effort it took to complete course work, time away from family, the commuting and the stress of starting back to school at my GE after years of not attending.The incentives that would have led me to make a different decision might have been a Job in my field of expertise, more and better Job opportunities and more opportunities that did not require a college degree. After looking over all of the pro and cons of buying a house in the current market, I have concluded that it is the perfect time to purchase a home for my family and l. The government has been influenced by the recession to increase incentives for recurring as well as new buyers, in addition to low interest rates, and the large amount of repertoires to choose from.If the market were balanced, unemployment was at an all-time low and inflation was not so high, I believe I would not be able to afford the dropped to comparable prices, then I feel I would not be able to afford the over- priced properties. For new home buyers, the tax credit is a great incentive; without it, I wouldn't even consider buying a new home. Therefore, I am only able to buy a new home in this economy and be able to take full advantage of the incentives which comes along with the market, while making the best use of my marginal benefits and re worth all of the subsidiary costs.

Rhetorical Reading Strategies and the Construction

Rhetorical Reading Strategies and the Construction of Meaning Summary Although the collective knowledge in the field of Pedagogy on how readers, â€Å"actually carry out this interpretive process with college-level expository text is rather limited† (Haas and Flower 167). The study in discussion would like to help the understanding of this constructive, rhetorical view of reading.Throughout the article, Haas and Flower emphasize how students â€Å"are good readers in the traditional sense†¦ yet, they paraphrase rather than analyze, summarize rather than criticize texts† (170). This brings up two key points that Haas and Flower discuss in a relation to rhetorical reading strategies, in student reader-writers. According to the research Haas and Flower conducted, only about one percent of students use the rhetorical reading strategy, which means that most students don’t criticize and analyze text that they read.Most students mainly use the Content and Feature/F unctional reading strategy, rather than deconstructing the text, they just say the basic things, and summarize which brings up the question, how does the constructive process play itself out in the actual thinking process of reading? Haas and Flower purpose that readers â€Å"construct meaning by building multifaceted, interwoven, representation of knowledge† (168).The main focus Haas and Flower have throughout the article is the fact that students are staying at the â€Å"mediocre† level while reading, instead of breaking down the text and actually analyzing what the author(s) were trying to say. Haas and Flower want students to get use to using the rhetorical strategy, since it will help students better understand the text they read especially as they continue on with higher education Works Cited Haas, Christina and Flower, Linda. â€Å"College Composition and Communication† Reading Strategies and the Construction of Meaning. 1988

Research Study- Factors Affecting Team Conflict and...

Conflict is a basic aspect of teamwork (Levi, 2001), since the number of decisions that a team needs to make often evokes feelings of discomfort and stress. Conflict very often arises from a clash of different working style, ideas, interests, needs, and wants. With respect to these clashes, the literature describes two levels of conflict: relationship and task. Relationship related conflicts are based on relationship with team members, when team members have interpersonal in compatibility (Stewart, Sims, Manz, 1999) relationship conflicts are more difficult to address and identify because they are less explicit. There are wide range of factors from which relationship conflicts can derive. These factors are: lack of communication,†¦show more content†¦maintain team structure and climate, apply problem solving strategies, communicate with the team members, execute plans and manage workload, and improve team skills. The objective was to improve team opinions, behaviors and attitudes and team performance and evaluate the effectiveness of the team performance (Risser, Rice Simon, 1999). When trust is not there then no other components are sufficient to sustain a team. All other components are subordinate to trust. The research shows that each of the subordinate components can impact trust but trust is an element in its own right; separate from other element while at the same time, composed of them (Thaker Yost, 2002). There is no relationship between trust and performance because trust in inversely associated with conflicts (Shrum, Chompalov Genuth, 2001). When there are conflicts in the team then its difficult to maintain and develop the team performance and in such situations team will shatter. When task conflicts become prominent then its become difficult to take decisions (De Dreu Weingart, 2003). The research has showed the presence of both types in any group setting; but hes clear to explain that cognitive conflict is constructive, while affective conflict is destructive (Brockmann, 1996). To improve the quality of product or service or overall performance, many organizations have focuses on team building. However they ignore the basic elements of efficientShow MoreRelatedImpact of Cultural Differences, Internal and Environmental Factors at Airbus1619 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of cultural differences, internal and environmental factors at Airbus Introduction Employees are affected by a number of internal and external forces that when combined produce given behaviours and attitudes. In this paper, I will consider the key factors affecting individual and groups’ behaviour and their corresponding relationship to the personal and organisational performance. The scenario, Airbus’ manufacturing plant in Toulouse, is dominated by tensions amongst groups of workersRead MoreLeadership And Its Effect On Employee s Productivity1568 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership is a crucial concept in the organizational sciences and has prompted many researchers to study its effects and benefits on management as well as its effects on employee’s productivity. In the structure of an organization or institution, the position of leadership is fundamental for its proper function and operation. Leadership is about having the ability to influence others. Having influence means that there is a greater need on the part of leadership positions to exercise their influenceRead MoreWorkplace Attitudes and Job Behaviors Essay examples2317 Words   |  10 PagesThis study aims to increase understanding of factors that influence employees’ reactions in the workplace. 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Gender Discrimination And Defame Of Female Identity

On the other hand, Sal himself discovered that he needs the change in his life and become a road lover to discover. But, for Usbek going to Europe was a journey but did not transform his life in any way. As you can see, travel writing has allowed the characters in various novels to find their true self as a result of their journey which for a few was full of struggles and where for others was an enjoyable experience. Through various travel literatures we as readers detect how sexual discrimination and defame of female identity continues for countless women in various places. Women are seen less powerful and objects who are controlled by men in their life making them powerful. When compared and contrasted multiple travelogues it is visible†¦show more content†¦In this society, women like Taalith had to give up whom they liked and commit with someone who they didn’t even like no matter what age they were. This affirms that women are not given the freedom that they deserve in society and as a result, some women can’t take all the pressure and end up giving their life. This is similar, to On the Road because it portrays how women are often targets of men and they are controlled by them. It is evident, when Sal comes home from one of his trips from the West in which he eats whatever he finds in his aunt house. Also, we realize how Sal comes to her for money and whenever he needs a place to live in her house but doesn’t seem to recognize what his aunt has done for him. Instead, he uses her over and over taking advantage of her sympathy who in return supports him, financially and emotionally. Besides, in the text, The Persian Letters, the head eunuch claims that, â€Å"†¦your wives seem to have imagined that your departure granted them complete impunity†¦ Zelis, on her way to the mosque a few days ago, allowed her veil to fall†¦ I found Zachi in bed with one of her slaves†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Montesquieu, 205). Once again, Usbek’s wives are rebelling Usbek’s power while he was away. Usbek’s wives are tired of being in the seraglio under supervision, without out the freedom to live freely in society. His wives couldn’t leave their house without someone, or face covered showing how women wereShow MoreRelatedMgmt 463 : Employment Law3175 Words   |  13 Pageshimself by saying that he did not want to defame Riceâ⠂¬â„¢s reputation, so he instead praised him and misrepresented Rice’s true nature. C: I believe that Kathleen Kiddie can sue both Ray Rice’s prior and current employer. QUESTION –II Sunshine Day Care Center has a policy stating that no employee can be taller than 5 feet 4 inches because the employer feels that children are more comfortable with people who are closer to them in size. Tiffany, a 5 foot 7 inch female, applies for a job and is denied onRead MorePorn and Censorship15240 Words   |  61 Pageshas certain effects or breaks certain taboos in different contexts and cultures. Displays of womens uncovered ankles count as sexually explicit in some cultures, but not in most western cultures nowadays (although they once did: the display of a female ankle in Victorian times was regarded as most risquà ©). There may be borderline cases too: do displays of bared breasts still count as sexually explicit in various contemporary western cultures? However, some material seems clearly to count as sexually

The Issues Of Alzheimer s Disease - 2537 Words

Picture this! - being a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago, thoroughly respecting the law, working as a public servant and faithfully paying taxes then being diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease as a senior only to soon be disheartened by the fact that the Ministry of Health provides the poorest and most deficient of services for persons suffering in similar circumstances. Of course this is a reality for too many local citizens today. When questions such as the one above are asked it stands as an offense to the entire concept of basic humanitarian principles such as benevolence, compassion or basic human kindness. Simple humanitarian principles that one could only hope are regarded upon highly by the various Ministries of the Government. 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The Trapt Bar and Escape Rooms

Question: Discuss about the Trapt Bar and Escape Rooms. Answer: Marketing Strategy and Plan Overview The Trapt Bar and Escape Rooms located in Melbourne; its objective is to provide customers with thrilling experiences in a game of solving challenges. The game is set up to for users to have fun and become creative in a world where technology has taken over human intelligence. Trapt bar is a once in a lifetime experience that friends and families go to play together which in turn builds a close relationship between individuals. The setting of the game requires 5-6 people; they are put in a room and are required to solve a puzzle that is a getaway from the Trapt room. The different levels of the game are played in 45 minutes. Trend Analysis The game is set for individuals that are outgoing and love to participate in challenges. This marketing element, therefore, should be exploited to reach to new customers who may not find the game fascinating. In the world of technology, the Trapt bar is breaking the culture of indoor lifestyle that has been adopted by a larger percentage of people around the world. The bar seeks to break this barrier and allow people to experience the world firsthand and not through a screen (Ecker 2010). The worlds apart trend approach is the most efficient in this type of business due to the inevitable change that the society faces. The current crisis affecting the world require individuals to be assertive of their environments and devise ways that may help in adaptation. Migration crisis is a challenge that has affected many countries around the world. Resettlement of families in third countries provides an opportunity to start all over again. Although these individuals feel secure, adapting to a new culture is a challenge that may lead to conflicts between natives and immigrants. This section of the population can be a market for the game as individuals and families could be engaged to escape their realities if the world for a while as argued by Ferdig Freitas (2012). It gives them the courage to face the problems affecting them. Many of these individuals have been through horrible incidences in the past. This game provides an opportunity to individuals struggling to adapt to new changes in their environment The game requires individuals to be creative and have the ability to work with others as a team. Cooperation is an important element in unlocking the puzzle and getting out of the Trapt room. The Trapt engages people in an environment where the pressure to give results is high. Decision making requires teamwork and thorough consultation of all parties involved. The corporate industry faces same challenges and to navigate the decision-making process, these individuals have to have fast and effective skills in decision making (Jennings 2010). This game is an opportunity for them to harness and sharpen their skills to become more efficient. It is also an opportunity to unwind from the stress from work. The use of the trend will attract decision makers in the society because the challenge that the game provides gives them a tougher mind to making tough decisions in the outer world. Trapt allows people to work in an environment that require patience and accepting other peoples opinions in different situations. Decision making could be centralized to an individual, but it is important to know that other peoples opinions matter too. The Trapt bar provides a unique opportunity for the mind to be focused and engaged for a while. This builds confidence among participators who have a hard time believing that their opinions matter. The worlds apart trend approach is effective in attracting a wide range of customers because of the changing scope of issues affecting their way of life. Customers could use the game to improve their skills while others would use it for recreational purposes. Families use it for bonding and experiencing challenges together. The game resonates with the population in several aspects and depending on the intended purpose of an individual; it expands the market reach of the service. It has been accredited as a touristic venture by the Australian Tourism Business, and in 2016 it received a TripAdvisor Certificate of Excellence. Market Analysis of the Trapt Bar Segmentation This involves categorizing the product market share which enables the company to identify customer preferences. The different categories of customers have different preferences which then allow the business focus is satisfying these groups independently. They include: Demographics In the market mix, demographics identification is core in the implementation of the market analysis. Demographics that could be identified in the Trapt Bar business include families, work colleagues, and friends. The size customer is large and is still growing with the increase in publicity through mediated forms of communication. There are different categories in which customers can choose from and would determine if they will proceed to the next level depending on the success achieved. This game provides an opportunity for work colleagues to interact outside work context. The game is structured and has different levels with its set of challenges. Capturing this group is important for market penetration. The game could be used as a reliever from fatigue and stress caused by work. Work colleagues group is the most efficient group that could be used to market the service. The game builds the ability of a person to concentrate on an event which could be translated to the everyday life of an individual. Companies could use it for team building activities for its employees as explained by Rylatt (2001). The use of the trend allows people to understand their role in the world and have strength and bravery to face the challenges of the contemporary society. Many people who have played this game have given positive reviews which motivate new customers to try out the game. The customer service provided during gaming is brilliant according to reviews made by some of the playe rs. It can win more customers who find navigating through challenges. This marketing is critical as it could cost the business negatively if some players lay a negative opinion about the game. A family category is a group that uses the game for bonding while having fun. This group allows the families go through a challenge together which requires each member to make their contribution. Members are put in space where collaboration is crucial to getting a solution for a challenge. Unity is an important element for any family to keep intact. The marketing trend allows this group utilize the opportunity to have fun while solving a challenge. This segment of the market has a lot of issues facing it which then requires them to make sense of these issues. Such issues as sexuality and race have caused controversies around the world and by finding a platform that brings people together to understand each other that none is better than the one is recommendable. The game gives people a chance to participants to learn that difference in how people choose to live their lives doesnt make them any different because the bottom line is that we are all humans. The game could also be used by friends and acquaintances to get to know each other. The game is highly emotive, and by participating in it, you could understand other peoples characters. The game is intense and requires participants to engage each other to get solutions for the challenge given. It gives an understanding of people and creates acceptance among people. It clears the wrong judgments passed on individuals that do not define who they are. The trend is effective in wooing this group because it gives them a chance to understand themselves and other people. Individuals exploit the challenge to push their limits. The game gives a thrilling experience and friends could use it to have fun and bond. The game is designed to fit into different categories, and teams could pick a category. This group could also provide the business with a marketing opportunity as friends could refer each other to the place. This creates new customer chain through references made to the game because o f the experiences it gives. Psychographics This category is identified using the personalities and emotive traits that lead individuals to have the desire to participate in the game. This group is identified as having an attachment to the game drawing from their lives. Lifestyle is an element that prompts some individuals to play the game. The age of computers has resulted in people staying behind closed doors on their screens which make them miss out on the interactive world away from screens. This has led to many health related issues due to lack of exercising and also impacted on the creativity of individuals negatively. Many of these individuals are seeking the services where they could go out and have fun without using their tech gadgets. The game provides individuals with the opportunity to be engaged in the natural interactive world. This game also appeals to people with outgoing personalities who find challenges that engage interesting. Many of this customer group are loyal and always keep coming to play. They could refer each other to the place, and this is an advantage to the business. New customers are attracted, and more input is put into the game to improve the experiences. The business needs to identify this group and use it to create and expand their services. This group is crucial as they could crush or improve the customer base as they are ever active on social media. The location of the bar is also crucial to reaching the concentration of potential market. The bar is located in central Melbourne where anybody could access at any time. Many of the urban population seek such services as an escape from their limited space for having fun-filled activities. The locality is crucial as customers, and potential customers can check out the service. The Urban area has a high population which provides a bigger customer base. PositioningStatement The Trapt Bar and Escape Rooms is a service based business aimed at providing families, work colleagues, friends, and acquaintances with a fun-filled and thrilling experience in solving puzzles to find their way out of a challenge. The bar uses online platforms to sell its service and has formed a partnership with the Australian tourism sector to reach new markets globally. The service is unique, and customers are guaranteed of having a great time while playing and also have entertainment services. The Trapt business provides customers with an experience of a lifetime. The game is put into different categories, and teams can progress from one level to the other depending on their ability to solve the puzzles in time. Many customers use the service for their different intentions which therefore diversifies the market niche for the game. Marketing Strategies Marketing of products require guidelines on how the product or service is portrayed to attract customers. Marketing of a product requires a marketing mix whose combination is likely to produce the desired response from the market. Marketing of products can be a complex task, but its success would see the business grow to higher limits. These strategies incorporate the marketing Ps for it to formulate a comprehensive plan. Some of the marketing strategies that could be applied include: Creating Combination Offers to the Service This marketing strategy enables the service to become a package deal attracting customers from far and beyond. The Trapt bar provides a gaming service while at the same time the participants can be served with drinks after the game. The bar gives challenging atmosphere to the customers but also a fun time in pushing people's limits. The benefits from the game come with a package of challenges and success that customers look forward to experiencing. The pricing of the services is low compared to the unique experience of the activity. The pricing of the service attracts many customers both locally and international. It is affordable and could be used by different groups of people for the different reasons. The increase in customers increases sales volumes of the service which in turn increases the net profit of the business giving it an opportunity to expand its services to different categories. Service improvement is a move that any business strive to achieve to reach new customers. New customers have different tastes, preferences, and the business can identify this potential niche and exploit it. Promotions could be given to customers so as to win new customers or even retain regular players and consumers. Discounts on the price of service is a promotional strategy that is likely to increase sales volumes. This could be done for a specified period and would create new a group of users that would be ardent players who would not miss taking up challenges even after the promotions are over. Trapt should create a promotional program to keep their customers feeling appreciated and have a sense of priority in the organization. Create a Referral Program The market outreach could be achieved if referrals are exploited. This requires the company to provide excellent services to create a loyal customer base. The service quality is a crucial element in creating a referral program. This loyal customer base would be a key marketing tool in reaching to new markets and bringing them to experience the service as Nijssen (2014) notes.The establishment of a review portal is critical to reaching new customers. Ardent players are given a chance to give their views about the games atmosphere and customer services experience. Players are given freedom to give their honest opinions. Pricing of the product is an important factor if gamers are to refer other people to the business. The customers should feel that the experience is worth spending on. Customer satisfaction is important and should be given priority by the management. Game structuring should be easy to follow to avoid confusion and awkwardness while playing. Regular players are given insights into the game, and newcomers consider their opinions before trying the challenge. Trapt bar has to seek opinions from players both new and regular to inform their decisions about the possible changes they could make to the business. The place in which the Trapt Bar is located, at the center of Melbourne business district, is strategic. It is proximate to the market. Urban areas have an increased number of potential customers and could grow with new arrivals getting into the city. Location of the business is important in determining the pricing of the service. Due to the accessibility of the facility, it gives the business management freedom of pricing the service. The business location should be near its market for accessibility purposes and utilization of the facilities by customers. Categorizing Customers This involves putting customers into small categories to manage their needs and preferences in an independent manner. This would facilitate identification of new markets that would attract new customers. Trapt Bar services could be used by different categories of people for different reasons. These groups have frustrations of their own, and by conducting research on these differences, the management may create a business plan to fit the customer needs. Product brand by Trapt is unique, but customers input could create a favorable atmosphere for customers whose preferences are unavailable. Paying attention to customer needs changes the business scope to a customer-based approach. This approach is attractive and creates customer-based relations that sustain the success of the businesses in the industry. Service structuring should be diversified to attract different clients and have a grip on them. Different customer categories would find the service interesting but would be hesitant to participate because the game may not fit their preferred structure. Identification of these groups is important in formulating gaming puzzles to suit their preferences. Product reception depends on the ability to appeal to different groups. The service should resonate with their needs for it to appeal to different sections of the customer base. Porters Typology of Generic Strategies Application This approach identifies strategies that the business could use to identify an available niche and have the ability to attract customers. Application of Porters typology in this business is relevant due to the aspects explained above. Trapt Bar identifies itself as a business that provides unique services in which customers goes through a set of challenges to complete a puzzle within a certain period. The company specializes in an engaging program that requires customers to concentrate on the whole process (Grant 2002). The business is categorized as part of top selling touristic activity in Australia. Trapt bar could adopt a cost leadership strategy in which prices are averagely placed so as to increase the market reach. With an increased market reach, the business should be able to reduce the prices of the services but still make reasonable profits to sustain the business and to retain and expand their market share. Use of focus strategy is crucial for the sustainability of the business where competition is continuously increasing. Trapt Bar has stood out from competitors that rely on the same customer base for sales. The uniqueness of the business is attractive, and customers do not get the experience in any other place. This approach is dependent on the unique nature of the business in the entertainment industry. References Buckley, R. (2010). Conservation Tourism. CABI. Available at https://www.myilibrary.com?id=289352. Driml, S., Robinson, J., Tkaczynski, A., Dwyer, L. (2010). Tourism investment in Australia: a scoping study. 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