Gender Discrimination And Defame Of Female Identity

On the other hand, Sal himself discovered that he needs the change in his life and become a road lover to discover. But, for Usbek going to Europe was a journey but did not transform his life in any way. As you can see, travel writing has allowed the characters in various novels to find their true self as a result of their journey which for a few was full of struggles and where for others was an enjoyable experience. Through various travel literatures we as readers detect how sexual discrimination and defame of female identity continues for countless women in various places. Women are seen less powerful and objects who are controlled by men in their life making them powerful. When compared and contrasted multiple travelogues it is visible†¦show more content†¦In this society, women like Taalith had to give up whom they liked and commit with someone who they didn’t even like no matter what age they were. This affirms that women are not given the freedom that they deserve in society and as a result, some women can’t take all the pressure and end up giving their life. This is similar, to On the Road because it portrays how women are often targets of men and they are controlled by them. It is evident, when Sal comes home from one of his trips from the West in which he eats whatever he finds in his aunt house. Also, we realize how Sal comes to her for money and whenever he needs a place to live in her house but doesn’t seem to recognize what his aunt has done for him. Instead, he uses her over and over taking advantage of her sympathy who in return supports him, financially and emotionally. Besides, in the text, The Persian Letters, the head eunuch claims that, â€Å"†¦your wives seem to have imagined that your departure granted them complete impunity†¦ Zelis, on her way to the mosque a few days ago, allowed her veil to fall†¦ I found Zachi in bed with one of her slaves†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Montesquieu, 205). Once again, Usbek’s wives are rebelling Usbek’s power while he was away. Usbek’s wives are tired of being in the seraglio under supervision, without out the freedom to live freely in society. His wives couldn’t leave their house without someone, or face covered showing how women wereShow MoreRelatedMgmt 463 : Employment Law3175 Words   |  13 Pageshimself by saying that he did not want to defame Riceâ⠂¬â„¢s reputation, so he instead praised him and misrepresented Rice’s true nature. C: I believe that Kathleen Kiddie can sue both Ray Rice’s prior and current employer. QUESTION –II Sunshine Day Care Center has a policy stating that no employee can be taller than 5 feet 4 inches because the employer feels that children are more comfortable with people who are closer to them in size. Tiffany, a 5 foot 7 inch female, applies for a job and is denied onRead MorePorn and Censorship15240 Words   |  61 Pageshas certain effects or breaks certain taboos in different contexts and cultures. Displays of womens uncovered ankles count as sexually explicit in some cultures, but not in most western cultures nowadays (although they once did: the display of a female ankle in Victorian times was regarded as most risquà ©). There may be borderline cases too: do displays of bared breasts still count as sexually explicit in various contemporary western cultures? However, some material seems clearly to count as sexually

The Issues Of Alzheimer s Disease - 2537 Words

Picture this! - being a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago, thoroughly respecting the law, working as a public servant and faithfully paying taxes then being diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease as a senior only to soon be disheartened by the fact that the Ministry of Health provides the poorest and most deficient of services for persons suffering in similar circumstances. Of course this is a reality for too many local citizens today. When questions such as the one above are asked it stands as an offense to the entire concept of basic humanitarian principles such as benevolence, compassion or basic human kindness. Simple humanitarian principles that one could only hope are regarded upon highly by the various Ministries of the Government. As the title suggests, it is the direct and primary responsibility of the Ministry of Health (of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago) to serve the public honourably, within the boundaries of moral criterions by determinedly using effective methods t o rectify concerns, issues or dilemmas threatening the health (both mental and physical security) of residents. Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that not only encourages chaos in the lives of its helpless victims but also reduces the levels of comfort for caregivers as they would be constantly worrying and concerned about the health of the patient. The Ministry of Health estimates that there are about 10,000 persons affected by Alzheimer’s disease. Trinidad is a land with a rising population ofShow MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease : The Most Prominent Health Issue3029 Words   |  13 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is one of the most prominent health issue in older adults. In fact, more than 35 million people are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease worldwide. (D’Aoust, Brewster, Rowe, 2013) Of these individuals, a good portion are taken care of by at home caregivers. These caregivers can described by husbands, wives, mothers, and fathers. â€Å" Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive illness characterized by impaired cognition, loss of ability in instrumental and basic activitiesRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease Is An Ongoing Condition That Destroys The Connection Of Cells1689 Words   |  7 PagesAlzheimer s disease is an ongoing condition that destroys the connection of cells in the brain. According to the Alzheimer’s Foundation of America (AFA), it is estimated that as many as 5.1 million Americans have Alzheimer s disease today. Alzheimer s disease was discovered by a German physician named Alois Alzheimer. In 1906, Dr. Alzheimer saw changes in the brain tissue of a woman who died from what he presumed to be a mental illness. He described her symptoms as memory loss, language complicationsRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Horrific Change1460 Words   |  6 Pages Alzheimer s disease which chronically leads to Senile Dementia, is a horrific change in homeostasis for human beings. The most obvious c hange in homeostasis from Alzheimer s is loss of memory. Memory loss can vary from short term to long term. Alzheimer s disease has been occurring in humans for a long time. This is a disease that affects different body systems, and interrupts homeostasis to a significant point. As Alzheimer s disease is further investigated, there are more discoveries withRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease930 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Kevin Arnold from the Wonder Years said â€Å"Memory is a way of holding on to the things you love, the things you are, and the things never want to lose.† Memories are the things that are upheld, whether good or bad, those memories are imprinted in the mind and cannot be taken away that is, until later in life. As one ages it is natural for some memories to fade. Loss of memories and brain function deficits that occur and are not from normal aging may indicate a person is sufferingRead MoreEarly Onset Of Alzheimer s Disease1742 Words   |  7 Pagescommon form of dementia is Alzheimer s. Alzheimer s disease literally eats and attacks the human brain (Overview). It is a progressive disease that causes the brain cells to degenerate and die, which causes memory loss and affects other important mental functions (Mayo). Today in America, over five million Americans are living with Alzheimer s disease and someone develops Alzheimer s disease every 67 seconds in the United States . (Overview). A form of Alzheimer s diseases is early onset. EarlyRead MoreThe Most Common Risk Factor For Alzheimer Disease1537 Words   |  7 Pageshave done extensive research on the factors that may afflict alzheimer s disease. Risk factors on their own are not causes of a disease. Risk factors represent an increased chance, but not a certainty, that Alzheimer’s disease will develop. The most common risk factors are age,history and heredity but evidence suggests that there may other factors that can be influenced. Ageing is the most common risk factor for alzheimer disease. Most individuals that are diagnosed with this condition areRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1421 Words   |  6 Pagesengulfed by a mysterious disease. The neurons being cut off and destroyed by two abnormal structures. First memory is affected gradually getting worse. Then one is unable to think properly, reason, and lacks of self control. Gaps are formed in the brain s ventricles, due to the amount of dead tissue. In the end, it will lead to death. All of this may sound like something from a science fiction movie but infact its very real. These are all known possible symptoms of a common disease that affects aboutRead MoreThe Graying Of Our Population879 Words   |  4 Pageslikely to develop illness and disease. According to the EWA, nearly 65% of all people 65 and over and 60% of people between 50 and 64 have at least one chronic illness. The healthcare workforce is not nearly large enough to treat the n umber of patients that will require medical attention. Health professionals will be in high demand because it is estimated that over 3,000,000 additional medical workers will be needed to meet the needs of the aging population. Diseases that are associated with agingRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease Is The Most Common Form Of Dementia1086 Words   |  5 PagesDo you know what alzheimer’s disease is? Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. It is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, and the fifth leading cause of death in ages 65 and older. â€Å"2010 Alzheimer s Disease Facts and Figures. Rep. Vol. 6. Chicago: Alzheimer s Association, 2010. Print. Alzheimer s and Dementia.† This disease is the deterioration of the brain that can, and probably will lead to brain loss that cannot be reversed. It is a very slow decline thatRead MoreDealing With Dementia Essay979 Words   |  4 Pagesknow his memory and performance issues were due to a disease. (Life with ALZ)† This disease causes the loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases. Dementia, is one form of this disease that gradually gets worse over time. It affects memory, thinking, and behavior. (WebMD, 1995) â€Å"Changes that take place in the brains of people. These brain changes may cause the memory loss and decline in other mental abilities that occur with Alzheimers disease. Alzheimer’s generally affects

The Trapt Bar and Escape Rooms

Question: Discuss about the Trapt Bar and Escape Rooms. Answer: Marketing Strategy and Plan Overview The Trapt Bar and Escape Rooms located in Melbourne; its objective is to provide customers with thrilling experiences in a game of solving challenges. The game is set up to for users to have fun and become creative in a world where technology has taken over human intelligence. Trapt bar is a once in a lifetime experience that friends and families go to play together which in turn builds a close relationship between individuals. The setting of the game requires 5-6 people; they are put in a room and are required to solve a puzzle that is a getaway from the Trapt room. The different levels of the game are played in 45 minutes. Trend Analysis The game is set for individuals that are outgoing and love to participate in challenges. This marketing element, therefore, should be exploited to reach to new customers who may not find the game fascinating. In the world of technology, the Trapt bar is breaking the culture of indoor lifestyle that has been adopted by a larger percentage of people around the world. The bar seeks to break this barrier and allow people to experience the world firsthand and not through a screen (Ecker 2010). The worlds apart trend approach is the most efficient in this type of business due to the inevitable change that the society faces. The current crisis affecting the world require individuals to be assertive of their environments and devise ways that may help in adaptation. Migration crisis is a challenge that has affected many countries around the world. Resettlement of families in third countries provides an opportunity to start all over again. Although these individuals feel secure, adapting to a new culture is a challenge that may lead to conflicts between natives and immigrants. This section of the population can be a market for the game as individuals and families could be engaged to escape their realities if the world for a while as argued by Ferdig Freitas (2012). It gives them the courage to face the problems affecting them. Many of these individuals have been through horrible incidences in the past. This game provides an opportunity to individuals struggling to adapt to new changes in their environment The game requires individuals to be creative and have the ability to work with others as a team. Cooperation is an important element in unlocking the puzzle and getting out of the Trapt room. The Trapt engages people in an environment where the pressure to give results is high. Decision making requires teamwork and thorough consultation of all parties involved. The corporate industry faces same challenges and to navigate the decision-making process, these individuals have to have fast and effective skills in decision making (Jennings 2010). This game is an opportunity for them to harness and sharpen their skills to become more efficient. It is also an opportunity to unwind from the stress from work. The use of the trend will attract decision makers in the society because the challenge that the game provides gives them a tougher mind to making tough decisions in the outer world. Trapt allows people to work in an environment that require patience and accepting other peoples opinions in different situations. Decision making could be centralized to an individual, but it is important to know that other peoples opinions matter too. The Trapt bar provides a unique opportunity for the mind to be focused and engaged for a while. This builds confidence among participators who have a hard time believing that their opinions matter. The worlds apart trend approach is effective in attracting a wide range of customers because of the changing scope of issues affecting their way of life. Customers could use the game to improve their skills while others would use it for recreational purposes. Families use it for bonding and experiencing challenges together. The game resonates with the population in several aspects and depending on the intended purpose of an individual; it expands the market reach of the service. It has been accredited as a touristic venture by the Australian Tourism Business, and in 2016 it received a TripAdvisor Certificate of Excellence. Market Analysis of the Trapt Bar Segmentation This involves categorizing the product market share which enables the company to identify customer preferences. The different categories of customers have different preferences which then allow the business focus is satisfying these groups independently. They include: Demographics In the market mix, demographics identification is core in the implementation of the market analysis. Demographics that could be identified in the Trapt Bar business include families, work colleagues, and friends. The size customer is large and is still growing with the increase in publicity through mediated forms of communication. There are different categories in which customers can choose from and would determine if they will proceed to the next level depending on the success achieved. This game provides an opportunity for work colleagues to interact outside work context. The game is structured and has different levels with its set of challenges. Capturing this group is important for market penetration. The game could be used as a reliever from fatigue and stress caused by work. Work colleagues group is the most efficient group that could be used to market the service. The game builds the ability of a person to concentrate on an event which could be translated to the everyday life of an individual. Companies could use it for team building activities for its employees as explained by Rylatt (2001). The use of the trend allows people to understand their role in the world and have strength and bravery to face the challenges of the contemporary society. Many people who have played this game have given positive reviews which motivate new customers to try out the game. The customer service provided during gaming is brilliant according to reviews made by some of the playe rs. It can win more customers who find navigating through challenges. This marketing is critical as it could cost the business negatively if some players lay a negative opinion about the game. A family category is a group that uses the game for bonding while having fun. This group allows the families go through a challenge together which requires each member to make their contribution. Members are put in space where collaboration is crucial to getting a solution for a challenge. Unity is an important element for any family to keep intact. The marketing trend allows this group utilize the opportunity to have fun while solving a challenge. This segment of the market has a lot of issues facing it which then requires them to make sense of these issues. Such issues as sexuality and race have caused controversies around the world and by finding a platform that brings people together to understand each other that none is better than the one is recommendable. The game gives people a chance to participants to learn that difference in how people choose to live their lives doesnt make them any different because the bottom line is that we are all humans. The game could also be used by friends and acquaintances to get to know each other. The game is highly emotive, and by participating in it, you could understand other peoples characters. The game is intense and requires participants to engage each other to get solutions for the challenge given. It gives an understanding of people and creates acceptance among people. It clears the wrong judgments passed on individuals that do not define who they are. The trend is effective in wooing this group because it gives them a chance to understand themselves and other people. Individuals exploit the challenge to push their limits. The game gives a thrilling experience and friends could use it to have fun and bond. The game is designed to fit into different categories, and teams could pick a category. This group could also provide the business with a marketing opportunity as friends could refer each other to the place. This creates new customer chain through references made to the game because o f the experiences it gives. Psychographics This category is identified using the personalities and emotive traits that lead individuals to have the desire to participate in the game. This group is identified as having an attachment to the game drawing from their lives. Lifestyle is an element that prompts some individuals to play the game. The age of computers has resulted in people staying behind closed doors on their screens which make them miss out on the interactive world away from screens. This has led to many health related issues due to lack of exercising and also impacted on the creativity of individuals negatively. Many of these individuals are seeking the services where they could go out and have fun without using their tech gadgets. The game provides individuals with the opportunity to be engaged in the natural interactive world. This game also appeals to people with outgoing personalities who find challenges that engage interesting. Many of this customer group are loyal and always keep coming to play. They could refer each other to the place, and this is an advantage to the business. New customers are attracted, and more input is put into the game to improve the experiences. The business needs to identify this group and use it to create and expand their services. This group is crucial as they could crush or improve the customer base as they are ever active on social media. The location of the bar is also crucial to reaching the concentration of potential market. The bar is located in central Melbourne where anybody could access at any time. Many of the urban population seek such services as an escape from their limited space for having fun-filled activities. The locality is crucial as customers, and potential customers can check out the service. The Urban area has a high population which provides a bigger customer base. PositioningStatement The Trapt Bar and Escape Rooms is a service based business aimed at providing families, work colleagues, friends, and acquaintances with a fun-filled and thrilling experience in solving puzzles to find their way out of a challenge. The bar uses online platforms to sell its service and has formed a partnership with the Australian tourism sector to reach new markets globally. The service is unique, and customers are guaranteed of having a great time while playing and also have entertainment services. The Trapt business provides customers with an experience of a lifetime. The game is put into different categories, and teams can progress from one level to the other depending on their ability to solve the puzzles in time. Many customers use the service for their different intentions which therefore diversifies the market niche for the game. Marketing Strategies Marketing of products require guidelines on how the product or service is portrayed to attract customers. Marketing of a product requires a marketing mix whose combination is likely to produce the desired response from the market. Marketing of products can be a complex task, but its success would see the business grow to higher limits. These strategies incorporate the marketing Ps for it to formulate a comprehensive plan. Some of the marketing strategies that could be applied include: Creating Combination Offers to the Service This marketing strategy enables the service to become a package deal attracting customers from far and beyond. The Trapt bar provides a gaming service while at the same time the participants can be served with drinks after the game. The bar gives challenging atmosphere to the customers but also a fun time in pushing people's limits. The benefits from the game come with a package of challenges and success that customers look forward to experiencing. The pricing of the services is low compared to the unique experience of the activity. The pricing of the service attracts many customers both locally and international. It is affordable and could be used by different groups of people for the different reasons. The increase in customers increases sales volumes of the service which in turn increases the net profit of the business giving it an opportunity to expand its services to different categories. Service improvement is a move that any business strive to achieve to reach new customers. New customers have different tastes, preferences, and the business can identify this potential niche and exploit it. Promotions could be given to customers so as to win new customers or even retain regular players and consumers. Discounts on the price of service is a promotional strategy that is likely to increase sales volumes. This could be done for a specified period and would create new a group of users that would be ardent players who would not miss taking up challenges even after the promotions are over. Trapt should create a promotional program to keep their customers feeling appreciated and have a sense of priority in the organization. Create a Referral Program The market outreach could be achieved if referrals are exploited. This requires the company to provide excellent services to create a loyal customer base. The service quality is a crucial element in creating a referral program. This loyal customer base would be a key marketing tool in reaching to new markets and bringing them to experience the service as Nijssen (2014) notes.The establishment of a review portal is critical to reaching new customers. Ardent players are given a chance to give their views about the games atmosphere and customer services experience. Players are given freedom to give their honest opinions. Pricing of the product is an important factor if gamers are to refer other people to the business. The customers should feel that the experience is worth spending on. Customer satisfaction is important and should be given priority by the management. Game structuring should be easy to follow to avoid confusion and awkwardness while playing. Regular players are given insights into the game, and newcomers consider their opinions before trying the challenge. Trapt bar has to seek opinions from players both new and regular to inform their decisions about the possible changes they could make to the business. The place in which the Trapt Bar is located, at the center of Melbourne business district, is strategic. It is proximate to the market. Urban areas have an increased number of potential customers and could grow with new arrivals getting into the city. Location of the business is important in determining the pricing of the service. Due to the accessibility of the facility, it gives the business management freedom of pricing the service. The business location should be near its market for accessibility purposes and utilization of the facilities by customers. Categorizing Customers This involves putting customers into small categories to manage their needs and preferences in an independent manner. This would facilitate identification of new markets that would attract new customers. Trapt Bar services could be used by different categories of people for different reasons. These groups have frustrations of their own, and by conducting research on these differences, the management may create a business plan to fit the customer needs. Product brand by Trapt is unique, but customers input could create a favorable atmosphere for customers whose preferences are unavailable. Paying attention to customer needs changes the business scope to a customer-based approach. This approach is attractive and creates customer-based relations that sustain the success of the businesses in the industry. Service structuring should be diversified to attract different clients and have a grip on them. Different customer categories would find the service interesting but would be hesitant to participate because the game may not fit their preferred structure. Identification of these groups is important in formulating gaming puzzles to suit their preferences. Product reception depends on the ability to appeal to different groups. The service should resonate with their needs for it to appeal to different sections of the customer base. Porters Typology of Generic Strategies Application This approach identifies strategies that the business could use to identify an available niche and have the ability to attract customers. Application of Porters typology in this business is relevant due to the aspects explained above. Trapt Bar identifies itself as a business that provides unique services in which customers goes through a set of challenges to complete a puzzle within a certain period. The company specializes in an engaging program that requires customers to concentrate on the whole process (Grant 2002). The business is categorized as part of top selling touristic activity in Australia. Trapt bar could adopt a cost leadership strategy in which prices are averagely placed so as to increase the market reach. With an increased market reach, the business should be able to reduce the prices of the services but still make reasonable profits to sustain the business and to retain and expand their market share. Use of focus strategy is crucial for the sustainability of the business where competition is continuously increasing. Trapt Bar has stood out from competitors that rely on the same customer base for sales. The uniqueness of the business is attractive, and customers do not get the experience in any other place. This approach is dependent on the unique nature of the business in the entertainment industry. References Buckley, R. (2010). Conservation Tourism. CABI. Available at https://www.myilibrary.com?id=289352. Driml, S., Robinson, J., Tkaczynski, A., Dwyer, L. (2010). Tourism investment in Australia: a scoping study. [S. l.], Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre (STCRC). Della Piana, B., Monteleone, M. (2014). The Term Global in Cross-Cultural Studies Films Media Group, Video Education Australasia. (2015). Competitive Marketing in Tourism. Available at https://ezproxy.uu.edu/login?url=https://digital.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=13753xtid=94201 Ferdig, RE., Freitas, SD. (2012). Interdisciplinary advancements in gaming, simulations, and virtual environments: emerging trends. Hershey, PA, Information Science Reference Grigsby, M. (2015). Marketing analytics: a practical guide to real marketing science. Available at https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truescope=sitedb=nlebkdb=nlabkAN=1000089 Grant, RM. (2002). Contemporary strategy analysis: concepts, techniques, applications. Malden, Mass, Blackwell Publishers. Harpaz, Y. (2014). Teaching and learning in a community of thinking: the third model. Heidelberg, Springer. Jennings, G. (2010). Tourism research. Milton, Qld, John Wiley Sons. Kanopy (FIRM). (2016). Selling Australia: The Games. https://www.kanopystreaming.com/node/171176 Lam-Son Le, Hong-Linh Truong, Ghose, A., Dustdar, S. (2012). On Elasticity and Constrainedness of Business Services Provisioning. 384-391. Nagatomo, J. (2015). Migration as transnational leisure: the Japanese lifestyle migrants in Australia. Leiden, Brill Nijssen, EJ. (2014). Entrepreneurial marketing: an effectual approach. Abingdon, Oxon, Routledge. Pearson, D. (2014). The 20 Ps of marketing: a complete guide to marketing strategy. London publishers. Robinson, N. (2015). The Marketing Mix Master the 4 Ps of marketing. Cork, Primento Digital. Available at https://public.eblib.com/choice/PublicFullRecord.aspx?p=4468812. Rylatt, A. (2001). Learning Unlimited: transforming learning in the workplace. London, Kogan Page. Seven Dimensions Films of Australia, (2009). Workplace excellence. Melbourne, VIC, Seven Dimensions. https://www.aspresolver.com/aspresolver.asp?HRMO;2408463. Tkaczynski, A., Driml, S., Robinson, J., Dwyer, L. (2010). Impediments to tourism investment in Australia: a scoping study. Tourism Review International. 14, 117-128. TV Choice Productions. (2014). The marketing series. 2, 2. Retrieved from https://dev.kanopystreaming.com/node/64910.

Wuthering Heights Questions for Study and Discussion

'Wuthering Heights' Questions for Study and Discussion Wuthering Heights is one of the greatest works by Emily Bronte. Here are a few questions for study and discussion. Questions for Study and Discussion What is important about the title? AnswerWhat are the conflicts in Wuthering Heights? AnswerHow does Emily Bronte reveal character in Wuthering Heights?What are some themes in the story? How do they relate to the plot and characters?What are some symbols in​ Wuthering Heights? How do they relate to the plot and characters?Are the characters consistent in their actions? Which of the characters are fully developed? How? Why?Do you find the characters likable? Are the characters persons you would want to meet?Does the story end the way you expected? How? Why?What is the central/primary purpose of the story? Is the purpose important or meaningful?How does the novel relate to feminist literature?How essential is the setting to the story? Could the story have taken place anywhere else?What is the role of women in Wuthering Heights? How are mothers represented? What about single/independent women?What elements of the story, plot, characterization, etc. are the most controversial? Why do you think the book was banned? Do you believe the book should remain banned? This novel has been compared to the Twilight series. Do you agree? Why? Why not?Compare A Rose for Emily, by William Faulkner, with this novel. How do the characters cope with rejection?Would you recommend this novel to a friend?

The meanings of words

The meanings of words Over time, means through which creatures have communicated with each other have evolved. From this, we now have words that supposedly carry meaning with them through which we are able to express our ideas and feelings to other. It is my opinion though, that we still do not have a means of communication through which we are able to accurately depict our feelings and ideas to each other because we are do not have the words to accomplish this with. We also have words whose meanings vary substantially from use to use based on the context of the word. Essentially, we are experiencing the symbol grounding problem that Descartes theorized with the way we associate ideas of objects and their representation.Theories about time and evolution have been floating around almost as long as time itself. Where we came from, who we evolved from, and the involvement of god has always plagued mankind.First figure of Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Ph...Science attempted to answer this by tracing our anc estry through our mammalian brothers all the way back to the pre-biotic soup we emerged from. Religion explained it using the Garden of Eden and the creation of man in God's image.Whitehead had his own ideas about these issues just like all of us. As far as evolution, he essentially came up an alternative to scientific materialism, what he called a new doctrine of organism. Basically, everything in this world started out as 'stuff'. From 'stuff' came the pre-biotic soup and after a few more jumps in the chain, there were rats and other such creatures followed by a few more jumps to where we are now. He also felt that through creation, there is no more material now on the earth than there was in the beginning meaning that there is as much 'us' now as there...

History of the Caste System in India

History of the Caste System in India The origins of the caste system in India and Nepal are not fully known, but castes seems to have originated more than two thousand years ago. Under this system, which is associated with Hinduism, people were categorized by their occupations. Although originally caste depended upon a persons work, it soon became hereditary. Each person was born into an unalterable social status. The four primary castes are Brahmin, the priests; Kshatriya, warriors and nobility; Vaisya, farmers, traders and artisans; and Shudra, tenant farmers, and servants. Some people were born outside of (and below) the caste system. They were called untouchables or Dalits- the crushed ones. Theology Behind the Castes Reincarnation is the process by which a soul is reborn into a new material form after each life; it is one of the central features of the Hindu cosmology. Souls can move not only among different levels of human society, but also into other animals. This belief is thought to be one of the primary reasons for the vegetarianism of many Hindus. Within a single lifetime, people in India historically had little social mobility. They had to strive for virtue during their present lives in order to attain a higher station their next time around. In this system, a particular souls new form depends upon the virtuousness of its previous behavior. Thus, a truly virtuous person from the Shudra caste could be rewarded with rebirth as a Brahmin in his or her next life. Daily Significance of Caste Practices associated with caste varied through time and across India, but all shared some common features. The three key areas of life historically dominated by caste were marriage, meals, and religious worship. Marriage across caste lines was strictly forbidden. Most people even married within their own sub-caste or jati. At mealtimes, anyone could accept food from the hands of a Brahmin, but a Brahmin would be polluted if he or she took certain types of food from a lower caste person. At the other extreme, if an untouchable dared to draw water from a public well, he or she polluted the water, and nobody else could use it. In religious worship, Brahmins, as the priestly class, presided over rituals and services including preparation for festivals and holidays, as well as marriages and funerals. The Kshatrya and Vaisya castes had full rights to worship, but in some places, Shudras (the servant caste) were not allowed to offer sacrifices to the gods. Untouchables were barred entirely from temples, and sometimes they were not even allowed to set foot on temple grounds. If the shadow of an untouchable touched a Brahmin, the Brahmin would be polluted, so untouchables had to lay face-down at a distance when a Brahmin passed. Thousands of Castes Although the early Vedic sources name four primary castes, in fact, there were thousands of castes, sub-castes, and communities within Indian society. These jati were the basis of both social status and occupation. Castes or sub-castes besides the four mentioned in the Bhagavad Gita include such groups as the Bhumihar or landowners, Kayastha or scribes, and the Rajput, a northern sector of the Kshatriya, or warrior, caste. Some castes arose from very specific occupations, such as the Garudi- snake charmers- or the Sonjhari, who collected gold from river beds. The Untouchables People who violated social norms could be punished by being made untouchables. This was not the lowest caste. The person deemed untouchable- and their descendants- were condemned and completely outside of the caste system. Untouchables were considered so impure that any contact with them by a caste member would contaminate the member. The polluted person would have to bathe and wash his or her clothing immediately.  The untouchables historically did work that no one else would do, like scavenging animal carcasses, leather-work, or killing rats and other pests.  Untouchables could not eat in the same room as caste members and could not be cremated when they died. Caste among Non-Hindus Curiously, non-Hindu populations in India sometimes organized themselves into castes as well. After the introduction of Islam on the subcontinent, for example, Muslims were divided into classes such as the Sayed, Sheikh, Mughal, Pathan, and Qureshi. These castes are drawn from several sources: The Mughal and Pathan are ethnic groups, roughly speaking, while the Qureshi name comes from the Prophet Muhammads clan in Mecca. Small numbers of Indians were Christian from around 50 CE onward. Christianity expanded in India after the Portuguese arrived in the 16th century. Many Christian Indians continued to observe caste distinctions, however. Origins of the Caste System Early written evidence about the caste system appears in the Vedas, Sanskrit-language texts that date from as early as 1500 BCE. The Vedas form the basis of Hindu scripture. The Rigveda, however, which dates from around 1700–1100 BCE, rarely mentions caste distinctions and is taken as evidence that social mobility was common in its time. The Bhagavad Gita, which dates from around 200 BCE–200 CE, emphasizes the importance of caste. In addition, the Laws of Manu or Manusmriti, from the same era, defines the rights and duties of the four different castes or varnas. Thus, it seems that the Hindu caste system began to solidify sometime between 1000 and 200 BCE. The Caste System During Classical Indian History The caste system was not absolute during much of Indian history. For example, the renowned Gupta Dynasty, which ruled from 320 to 550 CE, was from the Vaishya caste rather than the Kshatriya. Many later rulers also were from different castes, such as the Madurai Nayaks (who ruled from 1559 to 1739 CE) who were Balijas (traders). From the 12th century to the 18th century CE, much of India was ruled by Muslims. These rulers reduced the power of the Hindu priestly caste, the Brahmins. The traditional Hindu rulers and warriors, or Kshatriyas, nearly ceased to exist in north and central India. The Vaishya and Shudra castes also virtually melded together. Although the Muslim rulers faith had a strong impact on the Hindu upper castes in the centers of power, anti-Muslim feeling in rural areas actually strengthened the caste system. Hindu villagers reconfirmed their identity through caste affiliation. Nonetheless, during the six centuries of Islamic domination (roughly 1150–1750 CE), the caste system evolved considerably. For example, Brahmins began to rely on farming for their income, since the Muslim kings did not give rich gifts to Hindu temples. This farming practice was considered justified so long as Shudras did the actual physical labor. The British Raj and Caste When the British Raj began to take power in India in 1757, they exploited the caste system as a means of social control. The British allied themselves with the Brahmin caste, restoring some of its privileges, which had been repealed by the Muslim rulers. However, many Indian customs concerning the lower castes seemed discriminatory to the British, so these were outlawed. During the 1930s and 1940s, the British government made laws to protect the Scheduled castes, untouchables and low-caste people. A movement toward the abolition of untouchability took place within Indian society in the 19th and early 20th centuries as well. In 1928, the first temple welcomed untouchables (Dalits) to worship with its upper-caste members. Mohandas Gandhi advocated emancipation for the Dalits, too, coining the term harijan or Children of God to describe them. Caste Relations in Independent India The Republic of India became independent on August 15, 1947. Indias new government instituted laws to protect the Scheduled castes and tribes which included both the untouchables and groups living traditional lifestyles. These laws include quota systems that help to ensure access to education and to government posts. Because of these shifts, a persons caste has become somewhat more of a political category than a social or religious one in modern India. Sources: Ali, Syed. Collective and Elective Ethnicity: Caste among Urban Muslims in India, Sociological Forum, vol. 17, no. 4, December 2002, pp. 593-620.Chandra, Ramesh. Identity and Genesis of Caste System in India. Gyan Books, 2005.Ghurye, G.S. Caste and Race in India. Popular Prakashan, 1996.Perez, Rosa Maria. Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India. Orient Blackswan, 2004.Reddy, Deepa S. The Ethnicity of Caste, Anthropological Quarterly, vol. 78, no. 3, Summer 2005, pp. 543-584.

See the uploaded file Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

See the uploaded file - Essay Example It is necessary to ask the person on his or her plans in the society once the prison life is over. Identifying the factors that led the offender to committing a crime is also required (Miller, 28). Before release, most offenders go through rehabilitation programs, which try to shape moral values in convicted people. Interviewing the rehabilitation officers is very important as they have very important information concerning the attitude of the offender. They recognize offenders who are remorseful about their criminal deed and also those who are ready to change. These people have a special manner in which they survey the offenders, and they can tell the individuals who have earned a chance to be released. It is also necessary to interview law enforcer who operates in the offender’s area of residence. These people have a good background concerning the behavior of the offender before he or she was imprisoned. They also provide important information about the factors contributing to criminal behavior in an offender. They give advice on how to eliminate the problem if it is possible. They also educate on how to deal with them in a situation where one has to live with the cause of the criminal activity. The offender’s previous employer will provide information relation to the person’s relationship with other people. His or her team building capacity can also be stated by the employer. This is if he or she holds such qualities. The employer can also tell how the offender interacts with other people and the help he or she is prepared to give the offender after his release. Close family members might also have important information concerning the offender. These are the people who have known the offender for the longest time and will provide meaningful information on the family background of the offender and his or her behavior when growing up. They also hold information concerning the environment in which the offender lived in before the prison life